Utilization numbers for beams rendered by this component (output-plug βUtilβ) and the βModelViewβ show differences β especially for compressive axial forces: The βModelViewβ-component returns the ratio of stress to strength as the level of utilization, whereas the βUtilization of Elementsβ-component also includes buckling. See for example the two utilization entries on the in fig. 3.7.7.1: The second load case (i.e. number β1β) is made up of an axial load acting in the middle of the beam. As both ends are axially fixed, one beam is in tension, one in compression. The absolute value of the normal force in both elements is the same. Yet the beam under compression has a utilization of 0.26, the one under tension only 0.05. β1β means 100 %.