Karamba3D v3
  • Welcome to Karamba3D
  • New in Karamba3D 3.1
  • See Scripting Guide
  • See Manual 2.2.0
  • 1 Introduction
    • 1.1 Installation
    • 1.2 Licenses
      • 1.2.1 Cloud Licenses
      • 1.2.2 Network Licenses
      • 1.2.3 Temporary Licenses
      • 1.2.4 Standalone Licenses
  • 2 Getting Started
    • 2 Getting Started
      • 2.1 Karamba3D Entities
      • 2.2 Setting up a Structural Analysis
        • 2.2.1 Define the Model Elements
        • 2.2.2 View the Model
        • 2.2.3 Add Supports
        • 2.2.4 Define Loads
        • 2.2.5 Choose an Algorithm
        • 2.2.6 Provide Cross Sections
        • 2.2.7 Specify Materials
        • 2.2.8 Retrieve Results
      • 2.3 The Karamba3D Menu
      • 2.4 User Settings
      • 2.5 Physical Units
      • 2.6 Asynchronous Execution of Karamba3D Components
      • 2.7 Quick Component Reference
  • 3 In Depth Component Reference
    • 3.0 Settings
      • 3.0.1 License
    • 3.1 Model
      • 3.1.1 Assemble Model
      • 3.1.2 Disassemble Model
      • 3.1.3: Modify Model
      • 3.1.4: Connected Parts
      • 3.1.5: Activate Element
      • 3.1.6 Create Linear Element
        • 3.1.6.1 Line to Beam
        • 3.1.6.2 Line to Truss
        • 3.1.6.3 Connectivity to Beam
        • 3.1.6.4: Index to Beam
      • 3.1.7 Create Surface Element
        • 3.1.7.1: Mesh to Shell
        • 3.1.7.2: Mesh to Membrane
      • 3.1.8: Modify Element
      • 3.1.9: Point-Mass
      • 3.1.10: Disassemble Element
      • 3.1.11: Make Element-Set
      • 3.1.12: Orientate Element
      • 3.1.13: Dispatch Elements
      • 3.1.14: Select Elements
      • 3.1.15: Support
    • 3.2: Load
      • 3.2.1: General Loads
      • 3.2.2: Beam Loads
      • 3.2.3: Disassemble Mesh Load
      • 3.2.4 Load-Case-Combinations
        • 3.2.5.1 Load-Case-Combinator
        • 3.2.5.2 Disassemble Load-Case-Combinaton
        • 3.2.5.3 Load-Case-Combination Settings
    • 3.3: Cross Section
      • 3.3.1: Beam Cross Sections
      • 3.3.2: Shell Cross Sections
      • 3.3.3: Spring Cross Sections
      • 3.3.4: Disassemble Cross Section
      • 3.3.5: Eccentricity on Beam and Cross Section
      • 3.3.6: Modify Cross Section
      • 3.3.7: Cross Section Range Selector
      • 3.3.8: Cross Section Selector
      • 3.3.9: Cross Section Matcher
      • 3.3.10: Generate Cross Section Table
      • 3.3.11: Read Cross Section Table from File
    • 3.4: Joint
      • 3.4.1: Beam-Joints
      • 3.4.2: Beam-Joint Agent
      • 3.4.3: Line-Joint
    • 3.5: Material
      • 3.5.1: Material Properties
      • 3.5.2: Material Selection
      • 3.5.3: Read Material Table from File
      • 3.5.4: Disassemble Material
    • 3.6: Algorithms
      • 3.6.1: Analyze
      • 3.6.2: AnalyzeThII
      • 3.6.3: Analyze Nonlinear WIP
      • 3.6.4: Large Deformation Analysis
      • 3.6.5: Buckling Modes
      • 3.6.6: Eigen Modes
      • 3.6.7: Natural Vibrations
      • 3.6.8: Optimize Cross Section
      • 3.6.9: BESO for Beams
      • 3.6.10: BESO for Shells
      • 3.6.11: Optimize Reinforcement
      • 3.6.12: Tension/Compression Eliminator
    • 3.7 Results
      • 3.7.1 General Results
        • 3.7.1.1 ModelView
        • 3.7.1.2 Result Selector
        • 3.7.1.3 Deformation-Energy
        • 3.7.1.4 Element Query
        • 3.7.1.5 Nodal Displacements
        • 3.7.1.6 Principal Strains Approximation
        • 3.7.1.7 Reaction Forces
        • 3.7.1.8 Utilization of Elements
        • 3.7.1.9 ReactionView
      • 3.7.2 Results on Beams
        • 3.7.2.1 BeamView
        • 3.7.2.2 Beam Displacements
        • 3.7.2.3 Beam Forces
        • 3.7.2.4 Node Forces
      • 3.7.3 Results on Shells
        • 3.7.3.1 ShellView
        • 3.7.3.2 Line Results on Shells
        • 3.7.3.3 Result Vectors on Shells
        • 3.7.3.4 Shell Forces
        • 3.7.3.5 Shell Sections
    • 3.8 Export
      • 3.8.1 Export Model to DStV
      • 3.8.2 Json/Bson Export and Import
      • 3.8.3 Export Model to SAF
      • 3.8.4 Export/Import Model to and from Speckle (WIP)
    • 3.9 Utilities
      • 3.9.1: Mesh Breps
      • 3.9.2: Closest Points
      • 3.9.3: Closest Points Multi-dimensional
      • 3.9.4: Cull Curves
      • 3.9.5: Detect Collisions
      • 3.9.6: Get Cells from Lines
      • 3.9.7: Line-Line Intersection
      • 3.9.8: Principal States Transformation
      • 3.9.9: Remove Duplicate Lines
      • 3.9.10: Remove Duplicate Points
      • 3.9.11: Simplify Model
      • 3.9.12: Element Felting
      • 3.9.13: Mapper
      • 3.9.14: Interpolate Shape
      • 3.9.15: Connecting Beams with Stitches
      • 3.9.16: User Iso-Lines and Stream-Lines
      • 3.9.17: Cross Section Properties
      • 3.9.18 Surface To Truss
    • 3.10 Parametric UI
      • 3.10.1: View-Components
      • 3.10.2: Rendered View
  • Troubleshooting
    • 4.1: Miscellaneous Questions and Problems
      • 4.1.0: FAQ
      • 4.1.1: Installation Issues
      • 4.1.2: Purchases
      • 4.1.3: Licensing
      • 4.1.4: Runtime Errors
      • 4.1.5: Definitions and Components
      • 4.1.6: Default Program Settings
    • 4.2: Support
  • Appendix
    • A.1: Release Notes
      • Work in Progress Versions
      • Older Versions
      • Version 2.2.0
      • Version 2.2.0 WIP
      • Version 1.3.3
      • Version 1.3.2 build 190919
      • Version 1.3.2 build 190731
      • Version 1.3.2 build 190709
      • Version 1.3.2
    • A.2: Background information
      • A.2.1: Basic Properties of Materials
      • A.2.2: Additional Information on Loads
      • A.2.3: Tips for Designing Statically Feasible Structures
      • A.2.4: Performance Optimization in Karamba3D
      • A.2.5: Natural Vibrations, Eigen Modes and Buckling
      • A.2.6: Approach Used for Cross Section Optimization
    • A.3: Workflow Examples
    • A.4: Bibliography
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  • Constant and Variable Shell Cross Sections
  • Constant and Variable Reinforced Concrete Shell Cross Sections
  1. 3 In Depth Component Reference
  2. 3.3: Cross Section

3.3.2: Shell Cross Sections

Previous3.3.1: Beam Cross SectionsNext3.3.3: Spring Cross Sections

Last updated 7 months ago

In Karamba3D there are four different kinds of shell cross sections:

"Shell Const”

For shells with constant thickness and material over all mesh faces.

“Shell Var”

Lets one specify the thickness and material of each face of the shell-mesh individually.

“ShellRC Std Const”

This allows to specify a standard (Std) reinforced concrete(RC) cross section which is constant over the shell.

"ShellRC Std Var”

The same as above but lets one choose the reinforced concrete properties differently for each element.

Constant and Variable Shell Cross Sections

The components “Shell Const” and “Shell Var” only differ in the data structures expected at the inputs “Material(s)” and “Height(s)”. In case of “Shell Const” these are data items. The “Shell Var”-variant expects two lists. The descriptions below refer to the “Shell Var”-component.

Fig. 3.3.2.1 shows a shell consisting of two elements. Triangular meshes form the basis for defining a shell geometry (see section ) and specify the sequence of faces (i.e. shell elements). The list of element thicknesses in fig. 3.3.2.1 corresponds to that order. Be aware of the fact that meshes containing quads will be automatically triangulated. In case that there are more mesh faces than thickness specifications, the last item (6cm6cm6cm in this case) acts as the default value. The same holds for the supplied list of materials. Make sure to graft the “Materials”- and “Heights”-input when you want to define a list of shell cross sections. Otherwise one cross section results where one would expect several. For the “Shell Const” definition no data tree manipulation is necessary in such a case.

When rendering the shell cross sections (see fig. 3.3.2.1) thicknesses get linearly interpolated between the nodes. The cross section height at each node results from the mean thickness of shell elements attached to it.

Constant and Variable Reinforced Concrete Shell Cross Sections

The design of reinforced concrete cross sections in Karamba3D is based on linear elastic cross section forces. The “Optimize Reinforcement”-component takes these and computes the necessary reinforcement assuming cracked concrete cross sections. Thus defining reinforced concrete cross sections does not alter the mechanical behavior of the structure. They rather serve as input to the reinforcement design procedure.

Similar to shell cross sections there exist two variants of components for reinforced cross sections:

“ShellRC Std Const”

For shells with constant height, material and reinforcement. It saves the user thoughts about data trees.

“ShellRC Std Var”

This component allows to specify different heights, materials and reinforcement for each face of a shell mesh.

Further below variant two will be explained. The “ShellRC Std Const”-component works similar to the variable-variant. The only difference are the data structures expected at the inputs.

Fig. 3.3.2.2 shows the definition for a reinforced concrete shell with two faces with different thicknesses, materials and reinforcement definitions. The geometry corresponds to that of fig. 3.3.2.1. A standard reinforced concrete cross sections consists of five layers: Layer zero is the concrete cross section. The layers one to four correspond to reinforcement. The top layer (with respect to where the local z-axis points to) comes first, the bottom layer last. Their orientation with respect to layer zero is 0°, 90°, 90° and 0°.

Besides the standard inputs of cross sections (“Family”, “Name”, “Elem|Id” and “Color”) the “ShellRC Std Var”-component offers these:

“Materials-Concr”

Expects a list of materials to be used for the concrete cross section. The items of this list get mapped to the shell elements according to the longest list principle. “C30/37” according to Eurocode 2 represents the default concrete.

“Heights”

“Materials-Reinf”

“Areas”

“Covers”

“Dirs”

Reinforcement layers can be given an angle with respect to the local shell coordinate system. A positive value rotates in anti-clockwise direction about the local z-axis. A value of zero – which is the default – aligns the first and last layer with the local x-axis. The angle of rotation can be specified for each shell face individually.

With the input-plug “LayerInd” of the “ShellView”-component one can select specific layers for visual inspection and results retrieval.

The input-plugs “Family”, “Name”, “Color” and “Materials” have the same meaning as described in section .

Heights of the concrete cross sections for each shell face. The longest list principle applies. The default height is.

List of materials to be used as reinforcement for each element – by default “BSt 500” according to Eurocode 2 with a characteristic strength of . Again the longest list principle applies.

Expects a data-tree with a maximum of four entries per branch. The values define the minimum reinforcement for each layer. The physical unit is centimeter. Thus the areas of the reinforcement bars need to be divided by their mutual distance in order to arrive at an equivalent plate thickness. The layer thicknesses default to .

Input here a data-tree with four values per branch. These specify the position of the reinforcement layers with respect to the upper and lower side of the concrete cross sections. Positive values give the distance from the upper, negative values the distance from the lower side towards the interior. Without any input the covers default to , , and .

20cm20cm20cm
50kN/cm250 kN/cm^250kN/cm2
0cm0cm0cm
3.5cm3.5cm3.5cm
4.5cm4.5cm4.5cm
−4.5cm-4.5cm−4.5cm
−3.5cm-3.5cm−3.5cm
3.3.1
3.1.9
46KB
ShellVariableThickness.gh
43KB
ShellVariableThicknessReinforcedConcrete.gh
57KB
Shell_VaryingCrossSection.gh
58KB
Shell_Variable_Cross_Section_Height.gh
Fig. 3.3.2.1: Shell made up of two elements with different thicknesses
Fig. 3.3.2.2: Shell made up of two elements with different properties