Karamba3D v3
  • Welcome to Karamba3D
  • New in Karamba3D 3.1
  • See Scripting Guide
  • See Manual 2.2.0
  • 1 Introduction
    • 1.1 Installation
    • 1.2 Licenses
      • 1.2.1 Cloud Licenses
      • 1.2.2 Network Licenses
      • 1.2.3 Temporary Licenses
      • 1.2.4 Standalone Licenses
  • 2 Getting Started
    • 2 Getting Started
      • 2.1 Karamba3D Entities
      • 2.2 Setting up a Structural Analysis
        • 2.2.1 Define the Model Elements
        • 2.2.2 View the Model
        • 2.2.3 Add Supports
        • 2.2.4 Define Loads
        • 2.2.5 Choose an Algorithm
        • 2.2.6 Provide Cross Sections
        • 2.2.7 Specify Materials
        • 2.2.8 Retrieve Results
      • 2.3 The Karamba3D Menu
      • 2.4 User Settings
      • 2.5 Physical Units
      • 2.6 Asynchronous Execution of Karamba3D Components
      • 2.7 Quick Component Reference
  • 3 In Depth Component Reference
    • 3.0 Settings
      • 3.0.1 License
    • 3.1 Model
      • 3.1.1 Assemble Model
      • 3.1.2 Disassemble Model
      • 3.1.3: Modify Model
      • 3.1.4: Connected Parts
      • 3.1.5: Activate Element
      • 3.1.6 Create Linear Element
        • 3.1.6.1 Line to Beam
        • 3.1.6.2 Line to Truss
        • 3.1.6.3 Connectivity to Beam
        • 3.1.6.4: Index to Beam
      • 3.1.7 Create Surface Element
        • 3.1.7.1: Mesh to Shell
        • 3.1.7.2: Mesh to Membrane
      • 3.1.8: Modify Element
      • 3.1.9: Point-Mass
      • 3.1.10: Disassemble Element
      • 3.1.11: Make Element-Set
      • 3.1.12: Orientate Element
      • 3.1.13: Dispatch Elements
      • 3.1.14: Select Elements
      • 3.1.15: Support
    • 3.2: Load
      • 3.2.1: General Loads
      • 3.2.2: Beam Loads
      • 3.2.3: Disassemble Mesh Load
      • 3.2.4 Load-Case-Combinations
        • 3.2.5.1 Load-Case-Combinator
        • 3.2.5.2 Disassemble Load-Case-Combinaton
        • 3.2.5.3 Load-Case-Combination Settings
    • 3.3: Cross Section
      • 3.3.1: Beam Cross Sections
      • 3.3.2: Shell Cross Sections
      • 3.3.3: Spring Cross Sections
      • 3.3.4: Disassemble Cross Section
      • 3.3.5: Eccentricity on Beam and Cross Section
      • 3.3.6: Modify Cross Section
      • 3.3.7: Cross Section Range Selector
      • 3.3.8: Cross Section Selector
      • 3.3.9: Cross Section Matcher
      • 3.3.10: Generate Cross Section Table
      • 3.3.11: Read Cross Section Table from File
    • 3.4: Joint
      • 3.4.1: Beam-Joints
      • 3.4.2: Beam-Joint Agent
      • 3.4.3: Line-Joint
    • 3.5: Material
      • 3.5.1: Material Properties
      • 3.5.2: Material Selection
      • 3.5.3: Read Material Table from File
      • 3.5.4: Disassemble Material
    • 3.6: Algorithms
      • 3.6.1: Analyze
      • 3.6.2: AnalyzeThII
      • 3.6.3: Analyze Nonlinear WIP
      • 3.6.4: Large Deformation Analysis
      • 3.6.5: Buckling Modes
      • 3.6.6: Eigen Modes
      • 3.6.7: Natural Vibrations
      • 3.6.8: Optimize Cross Section
      • 3.6.9: BESO for Beams
      • 3.6.10: BESO for Shells
      • 3.6.11: Optimize Reinforcement
      • 3.6.12: Tension/Compression Eliminator
    • 3.7 Results
      • 3.7.1 General Results
        • 3.7.1.1 ModelView
        • 3.7.1.2 Result Selector
        • 3.7.1.3 Deformation-Energy
        • 3.7.1.4 Element Query
        • 3.7.1.5 Nodal Displacements
        • 3.7.1.6 Principal Strains Approximation
        • 3.7.1.7 Reaction Forces
        • 3.7.1.8 Utilization of Elements
        • 3.7.1.9 ReactionView
      • 3.7.2 Results on Beams
        • 3.7.2.1 BeamView
        • 3.7.2.2 Beam Displacements
        • 3.7.2.3 Beam Forces
        • 3.7.2.4 Node Forces
      • 3.7.3 Results on Shells
        • 3.7.3.1 ShellView
        • 3.7.3.2 Line Results on Shells
        • 3.7.3.3 Result Vectors on Shells
        • 3.7.3.4 Shell Forces
        • 3.7.3.5 Shell Sections
    • 3.8 Export
      • 3.8.1 Export Model to DStV
      • 3.8.2 Json/Bson Export and Import
      • 3.8.3 Export Model to SAF
      • 3.8.4 Export/Import Model to and from Speckle (WIP)
    • 3.9 Utilities
      • 3.9.1: Mesh Breps
      • 3.9.2: Closest Points
      • 3.9.3: Closest Points Multi-dimensional
      • 3.9.4: Cull Curves
      • 3.9.5: Detect Collisions
      • 3.9.6: Get Cells from Lines
      • 3.9.7: Line-Line Intersection
      • 3.9.8: Principal States Transformation
      • 3.9.9: Remove Duplicate Lines
      • 3.9.10: Remove Duplicate Points
      • 3.9.11: Simplify Model
      • 3.9.12: Element Felting
      • 3.9.13: Mapper
      • 3.9.14: Interpolate Shape
      • 3.9.15: Connecting Beams with Stitches
      • 3.9.16: User Iso-Lines and Stream-Lines
      • 3.9.17: Cross Section Properties
      • 3.9.18 Surface To Truss
    • 3.10 Parametric UI
      • 3.10.1: View-Components
      • 3.10.2: Rendered View
  • Troubleshooting
    • 4.1: Miscellaneous Questions and Problems
      • 4.1.0: FAQ
      • 4.1.1: Installation Issues
      • 4.1.2: Purchases
      • 4.1.3: Licensing
      • 4.1.4: Runtime Errors
      • 4.1.5: Definitions and Components
      • 4.1.6: Default Program Settings
    • 4.2: Support
  • Appendix
    • A.1: Release Notes
      • Work in Progress Versions
      • Older Versions
      • Version 2.2.0
      • Version 2.2.0 WIP
      • Version 1.3.3
      • Version 1.3.2 build 190919
      • Version 1.3.2 build 190731
      • Version 1.3.2 build 190709
      • Version 1.3.2
    • A.2: Background information
      • A.2.1: Basic Properties of Materials
      • A.2.2: Additional Information on Loads
      • A.2.3: Tips for Designing Statically Feasible Structures
      • A.2.4: Performance Optimization in Karamba3D
      • A.2.5: Natural Vibrations, Eigen Modes and Buckling
      • A.2.6: Approach Used for Cross Section Optimization
    • A.3: Workflow Examples
    • A.4: Bibliography
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  • Isotropic Material Properties
  • Orthotropic Material Properties
  1. 3 In Depth Component Reference
  2. 3.5: Material

3.5.1: Material Properties

Previous3.5: MaterialNext3.5.2: Material Selection

Last updated 7 months ago

The component “MatProps” lets one directly define isotropic and orthotropic materials. Use the dropdown menu at the bottom of the component to chose between ortho- and isotropic materials.

Isotropic Material Properties

In Fig. 3.5.1.1 selection of the second material from the resulting list can be made (bottom right component) or selection from the default material table (top right component). Material isotropy means that the material’s behaviour does not change with direction. Karamba3D uses the following parameters to characterize an isotropic material (see fig. 3.5.1.1):

"Family"

Family name of the material (e.g. “steel”); is used for selecting materials from a list.

"Name"

Name of the material (e.g. “S235”); serves as identification when selecting materials from a list.

"Elem|Id"

An element with an identifier, a string containing an identifier or a regular expression that depicts the elements that shall have the specified material.

"Color"

Color of the material. In order to see it, enable “Materials” in submenu “Colors” of the “ModelView”-component, then enable “Cross section” in submenu “Render Settings” of the “BeamView”- and/or “ShellView”-component.

"E"

"G12"

"G13"

"gamma"

"alphaT"

"ft"

"fc"

"S-Hypo"

Index of the strength hypothesis to be used. Use 'Expand ValueLists' from the components context menu for selecting between these options: 0: Von Mises, 1: Tresca, 2: Rankine

In case of temperature changes materials expand or shorten. “alphaT” sets the increase of strain per degree Celsius of an unrestrained element. For steel the value is 1.0E5(1.0E5=1.−010−5=0.00001)1.0E 5(1.0E 5 = 1.-0 10−5 = 0.00001)1.0E5(1.0E5=1.−010−5=0.00001). Therefore an unrestrained steel rod of length 10m10 m10m lengthens by 1mm1 mm1mm under an increase of temperature of 10°C10 °C10°C. “alphaT” enters calculations when temperature loads are present.

Orthotropic Material Properties

In fig. 3.5.1.2 an orthotropic material gets defined using a “Material Property”-component. Besides “Family”, “Name”, “Elem|Id” and “Color” it expects the following input:

"E1"

"E2"

"G12"

"nue12"

"G31"

"G32"

"gamma"

"alphaT1"

"alphaT2"

"ft1"

"ft2"

"fc1"

"fc2"

"t12"

"F12"

Tsai-Wu interaction coefficient

"S-Hypo"

Index of the strength hypothesis to be used. Use 'Expand ValueLists' from the components context menu for selecting between these options: 0: Von Mises, 1: Tresca, 2: Rankine, 3:TsaiWu

Young’s Modulus (): characterizes the stiffness of the material.

In-plane shear modulus (): In case of isotropic materials the following constraint applies: . In case this condition is not fulfilled, the structure may show strange behaviour.

Transverse shear modulus (): Is the same asin case of isotropic materials like e.g. steel. This value can be chosen independently from. In case of e.g. wood, the value may be much smaller than.

Specific weight ()

Coefficient of thermal expansion ()

Tensile strength of the material () - a positive value

Compressive strength of the material () - a negative value

The utilization of cross sections as displayed by the “BeamView”-component (see section ) is the ratio of actual stress and the tensile or compressive strength respectively. In case of shells, utilization is determined as the ratio of the result of the strength Hypotheses (as computed from the stresses in the shell) and the tensil or compressive strengh (see section ).

Cross section optimization (see section ) also makes use of the materials stength values. For reinforced concrete this may lead to excessive cross section thicknesses since concrete cross sections are handled as though being unreinforced. In order to get useful thickness values for reinforced conrete, one needs to scale up the concrete material's tensile strength.

Material orthotropy means that the material’s behaviour changes with direction. The material properties in two orthogonal directions fully characterize any orthotropic material. In Karamba3D orthotropic materials take effect only in shells. When supplied to beams, the material properties in the first direction are applied. For shells the first material direction corresponds to the local x-axis. See section on how to set user defined local coordinate systems on shells.

Young’s Modulus in the first direction ()

Young’s Modulus in the second direction ()

In-plane shear modulus (): The value of is liable to a constraint which is further depicted below.

​is the in-plane lateral contraction coefficient (also called Poisson’s ratio): In case(the default) the approximate formula of Huber is applied to ​ calculated from​, and :

Transverse shear modulus in the first direction ()

Transverse shear modulus in the second direction ()

Specific weight ( )

Coefficient of thermal expansion in the first direction ( )

Coefficient of thermal expansion in the second direction ( )

Tensile strength of the material () in the first direction - a positive value

Tensile strength of the material () in the second direction - a positive value

Compressive strength of the material () in the first direction - a negative value

Compressive strength of the material () in the second direction - a negative value

Shear strength () between first and second material direction.

kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
E/3<G12<E/2E/3<G_{12}<E/2E/3<G12​<E/2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
G12G_{12}G12​
EEE
G12G_{12}G12​
kN/cm3kN/cm^3kN/cm3
1/°C1/°C1/°C
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/m3kN/m^3kN/m3
1/°C1/°C1/°C
1/°C1/°C1/°C
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
kN/cm2kN/cm^2kN/cm2
3.6.7
3.6.11
3.5.8
3.1.14
v12v_{12}v12​
v12=−1v_{12}=-1v12​=−1
v21v_{21}v21​
E1E_1E1​
E2E_2E2​
G12G_{12}G12​
v12​=E12.G12​​−E2​E1​​​v_{12}​=\frac{E_1}{2.G_{12}}​​−\sqrt{\frac{E_2}{​E_1}}​​ ​v12​​=2.G12​E1​​​​−​E1​E2​​​​​​
[8]
21KB
IsotropicMaterialPropertiesComponent.gh
18KB
OrthotropicMaterialPropertiesComponent.gh
36KB
assignMaterial.gh
32KB
ShearStiffness_Of_Beams.gh
Fig. 3.5.1.1: Definition of the properties of two isotropic materials via the “Material Properties” component
Fig. 3.5.1.2: Definition of properties of an orthotropic material via the “Material Properties” component